Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, bones, and brain (extrapulmonary TB). TB is spread through the air when a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Many people infected with TB bacteria do not develop active TB because their immune system keeps the bacteria under control. This is called latent TB infection (LTBI). People with LTBI do not have symptoms and are not contagious, but they can develop active TB later in life. Active TB causes symptoms such as a persistent cough (often with blood), fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis of TB typically involves a skin test (Mantoux test) or a blood test to check for TB infection. If these tests are positive, a chest X-ray and sputum sample are needed to confirm active TB. Treatment for active TB involves a combination of antibiotics, typically taken for six to nine months. It is crucial to complete the entire course of medication to prevent drug resistance. Directly observed therapy (DOT), where a healthcare worker watches the patient take their medication, is often used to ensure adherence. Treatment for LTBI typically involves taking one or two antibiotics for several months to prevent the development of active TB. Effective TB management is essential for controlling the spread of the disease and preventing drug-resistant TB.
Tuberculosis requires careful and consistent treatment. For expert TB management in Karol Bagh, trust Dr. Shipra Gulati—a skilled internal medicine specialist dedicated to helping patients recover fully with monitored care.
